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THE FIRST WATCH FACTORY IN RUSSIA

RUSSIAN AVIATORS - HISTORY


In October 2000, the leader of Russia watch industry, the First Moscow Watch Factory celebrated its 70th anniversary. It also was the 70th anniversary of Russian watch industry.
Watch industry in Czar Russia consisted just of several small workshops and enterprises. They usually assembled watches using watch parts made abroad. After the 1917 revolution, the whole watch industry became a part of the ‘Trust of Precision Mechanics’. They were watch enterprises, work shops, warehouses of watch parts and half-finished products which belonged to famous manufacturers such as P. Bure, G. Mozer, Reinin, Dmitriev, etc before the revolution.
By 1926, the supply of watches and watch parts had run out, however; the demand for watches increased for the army, the navy, the railways and ordinary people. Then the USSR started to buy watches and watch parts from abroad paying in gold. Therefore, on December 21,1927 the Council of Labor and Defense passed a resolution About How to organize watch production in the USSR.
At the same time an offer to buy a laid up “Duber Hempton” watch factories was received from the United States. On April 26 1929 two purchase contracts were signed. The first one was a purchase of the watch factory with an output of 200 – 250 thousand watches per year at a price of USD 325,000. The second contract was a purchase of the spare parts and the half-finished products at price of USD 135,000.
To start production, four types of watches were chosen: a men pocket watch with 15 jewels for the enterprises of the Narkomat (Ministry) of Means of Communications, men wrist-watch with 7 jewels for the Red Army; a men pocket watch with 7 jewels and a ladies wrist-watch with 15 jewels to sell in a market.
In April 1930 a steamboat with American equipment on left for Russia. At the same time building of a main block of the watch factory on the previous location of a Tobacco Factory called “Krasnaja Zvevda” (Red Star) in Voronczovskaja str. in Moscow already was in progress. Building of the main block started from digging a foundation pit in February 1930 and finished by June 1930. Installing of main equipment was finished by September 15 of 1930.
The first production of this new factory which was named the 1st SWF (‘1-? ???’- the First State Watch Factory), later the ‘1st MWF’ – ((‘1-? ???’ - First Moscow Watch Factory) were pocket watches “the 1-st type” or K-43 with a side seconds hand. The movement of this watch was performed in an openwork mode. They were made with a pattern on a top ring on the polished watchcase. In fact, the 1st SWF exported its watches almost from the beginning of the existence of the factory.
Although at the start, factory needed some technical help from American and German specialists, after two years, the factory was got stronger and was able to solve technical problems and to develop independently. New production development started. According to the order of the Chief Military Aviation Administration, an airplane board clocks were created, and in June 1932 a decision to organize stopwatches production was made.
In the same year technical renovation of the factory started. In 1935 – 36 the factory received over 120 new machine tools from worldwide leading companies. Some equipment was made by factory itself. By 1936 a number of machine tools had increased by 1.5 times.
In December16 1935, Mr. M. Kalinin signed a resolution to award the name of S.M. Kirov to the 1st SWF.
From 1935 until 1941, the 1st SWF produced about 2.7 millions the 1st type pocket and wrist- watches.
Were put into production before the Second World War aviation clocks, stopwatches, navigators wristwatches with a stopwatches, auto car mechanical and electric charging watches, navy chronometers, ship deck watches and others watch movements for the national economy.
During the Second World War production defense: ammunition, aviation glass, aviation clocks, navy and aviation chronometers and some parts for first Katyusha (lorry-mounted multiple rocket launcher) was organized in this factory.
The War was had not ended yet when factory started peaceful production: in 1943 it started to make machine tools for watch industry, in 1944 – watches for fire-places, table and auto car clocks. In April 1945 the factory stopped ammunition production and started preparation for a new K-26 “Pobeda” (Victory) model of watch.
Production of “Pobeda” with a side seconds hand started in 1946. I.Stalin approved the name, design and specification of this watch personally. The 1st MWF was making the K-26 model until 1953; it is still on a production in the other factories. With exception of Pobeda, designers and technologists of the 1st MWF developed all models of watches and movements produced in this factory.
In 1949, “Shturmanskye” (navigator’s) watches were put into production. They were designed specially for military aviation; therefore they were not in market. In 12 April 1961 Mr. Jurij Gagarin used this watch during his space flight. The Shturmanskye watch operated without any problems in weightlessness. Later, this legendary watch was given to the factory museum.
By 1955, 1,1 million of mechanical wristwatches were made by the 1st MWF.
In 1956 production of the first watches with an automatic movement started. It was “Rodina” (Fatherland) watch, which opened a new line of watch movements with caliber of 24 mm in the 1st MWF. They have a central seconds hand. The height of the movement was 6,3 mm, with 22 jewels.
In 1957, according to a special order a special “Antarktida” (Antarctics) watch for participants of the first Soviet expedition to the South Pole was developed. They were magnet proof, with a 24-hour dial; the watch movement was based on a “Pobeda” (Victory) movement. A special shield protected it against strong magnet fields.
In October 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite of the Earth. The whole world peered to a slightly flashing small star in the night sky. To mark this event, a “Sputnik” (Satellite) watch, based on a ‘Pobeda’ model was produced. Watches were made in two variations: with a central second hand and with a transparent dial, which had a satellite mark instead of a second hand. At the moment, “Antarktida” and “Sputnik” watches are collection rarity, because they were on production just one year.
In October 2 1959, the government of the USSR defined the 1st MWF as a leading enterprise in watch export. Export increased from 42% in 1959 to 80% in 90-ies. Watches were exported to 70 different countries, including USA, England, Belgian, Italy, West Germany, Hong Kong, Greece, etc.
In 1959 the first Soviet ”Signal” 2612 alarm wristwatch was developed.
In the same year, a “Strela” (Arrow) 3017 watch was put into production. That was a wrist chronograph with a stopwatch function and a 45-minute counter of minutes. The dial had additional telemetric and tachometer scales. The “Strela” was exclusively designed for officers of military air forces and was produced only by military inspection. Cosmonauts Pavel Beliaev and Aleksej Leonov also used these watches when they first in the world entered into the open space.
During 20 years 100,000 of 3017 watches were made.
In 1960, the first “Poljot” brand watch with 2414 caliber appeared.
In April 12 1961, Jury Gagarin’s flight opened the era of space travel in the human history. The first cosmonaut took “Shturmanskije” watch made in 1st MWF into the space. Later producing of several models with space names marked this flight: “Orbita” (Orbit) 2415 – in 1962, “Kosmos” (Space) 2416 – in 1963.
In 1961, the factory first in the country started production of particularly slim “Vympel” (Pennon) watches with a second hand, caliber 2209: 2,9 mm height of the movement, 23 jewels, the 1st accuracy class. The total height of the watchcase was 5 mm only. In 1963, during an international Fair in Leipzig, the “Vympel” watch was awarded with a Diploma and a Gold medal. These watches were on production until 1975, later the technology was passed to Minsk Watch Factory.
Since 1964, “?????” or “POLJOT trademarks have marked the watches made in the 1st MWF. The factory trademarks are registered in 30 different countries and are famous in the whole watch world.
In 1965, production of a super slim “Poljot” 2200 watch with 1,85 mm movement height started. This product confirmed the highest level of skills of the factory’s designers and technologists once again. The height of the watch-case depending on its variation was from 3,5 mm to 4,5 mm.
In 1966, the factory started production of a new basic movement model, a 26 caliber with anti-shock appliance, screw less balance wheel and flat spiral, and different accessories. New movements were distinguished by small height and long time of run.
In 1971, the factory produced 2,5 million wristwatches, and 1,6 million pcs. were exported to 63 different countries.
In 1972, the factory increased a production of wrist mechanical watches up to 2,7 million. Up to 70% of the whole production were sold on a export market, therefore the factory decided to design and to put into production a number of new watch movements which could satisfy the requirements of exacting foreign customers and would be useable for automatic technological processes. As a result, in 1972 a new design of watch with the 26-caliber movement, which was designated with an extra letter “H”: 2609H, 2614H, 2616H, etc was made. The factory’s designers, technologists and stylists develop them. Developing new design particular attention to its reliability, technological aspects and reparability was paid.
In 1976, the factory started production of new wristwatches with a stopwatch function: model 3133 of chronograph. For this development, the factory staff was awarded with a State Premium.
At the beginning, watches were intended for military officers of the navy fleet council with an “Okean” (Ocean) name. Later, the factory started to make a modification intended for military aviation staff, with a “Shturmanskije” name (model 31659, a watch with a second hand arrester and pointer of zone time) and watch “Shturmanskije” with a pointer of time zone (model 3133). The production of these watches was limited and subjected of military inspection. Just after nine years, in 1983, watches with a 3133 movement started being generally available.
“Poljot” watches were taken to space flights by astronauts from France, Russia, Germany, the Ukraine, and this chronograph have set a record in duration of a space flight together with V.V. Poljakov.
At the end of 70-ies and the beginning of 80-ies, the factory put into production the quartz 30 calibers watches, and later - 24 and 16 calibers. The quartz movements were mainly exported to Southeast Asian countries: Hong Kong and Singapore. In some years, export achieved up to 3 – 4 million pieces per year.

During of all 70 year’s history, the First Watch Factory was keeping position of the leader in the area of men’s wrist mechanical watch production. Today 1st Moscow Watch Factory also remains the first. Big experience, design and technological potential, spirit of innovation are the features, which helped the factory to survive during a hard period of the time and to face the future with confidence. Today “Poljot” is a leader among the producers of high-class men’s wrist watches, a producer of unique movements, such as chronographic movement 3133, alarm movement “Signal” 2612, the factory’s pride is a 6MX marine chronometer. Furthermore, mechanical chronographs and “Signal” analogues today are on worldwide production only in several factories in Switzerland.
The high level of technological development, design and the high quality of “Poljot” production are also confirmed by the fact that the administration of the President of Russia has chosen a “Poljot” 3133 watch as a government award “From President of Russia”!
Last year, some new movements, such as chronograph with a moon-phase calendar, modifications with different additional scales and calendars were developed and put into production. Over 20% of “Poljot” watchcases are renovated each quarter, design is kept with latest tendencies of the worldwide watch fashion.
In this complicated period, “Poljot” not only saves the level of previous development but also continues to go ahead. With a slogan “To be the first” the factory meets a new decade.

1) K-43 - ”first type” watch – the first factory production. Both wristwatches and pocket watches have the same movement.

2)”A??”, aviation clock-chronograph with a second timer and with the movement of flight time meter. Run duration by one wind up of spring is 120 hours. Operative temperature range –60oC to +50oC. Produced in different variations from 1933.

3) “Pobeda” (Victory) K-26, with a side second hand, on 15 jewels, caliber 15 mm. Produced from 1946 until 1953. The first watches did not have an anti-shock appliance for balancer shaft. “Pobeda” 31-??, with a central second hand, 15 jewels, caliber 26 mm. c 1950 until 1960.

4) “Shturmanskije” (Navigators’). Central seconds hand, anti-shock appliance for balancer shaft, dust- and moisture-proof case. Produced from 1949 until 1953. The watch shown on the figure was in a space flight together with Mr. J. Gagarin.
5) Watch “Sportivnyje” (Sport), one among modifications of “Pobeda”. Central second hand, brake system for balancer. “Sportivnyje” was possible to use as a 60 –second timer. Produced from 1955 until 1962.

6) Other modifications of “Pobeda” – “Moskva”, Majak” (Leading light)

7) “Sputnic” (Satellit), the rocket that is illustrated on a transparent dial makes one turn per minute. "Antarktida” (Antarctic) – watch for the participants of thefirst Soviet expedition to the South Pole. Antimagnet watch with a 24 hour dial. Both models are developed on a base of “Pobeda” movement. Produced was just one year 1957 – 1958.

8) “Rodina” (Fatherland) 2416, the first Soviet watches with a automatic movement, the first model of the 1st MWF with a movement of 24 caliber. Produced from 1956 until 1960.

9) “Poljot” (Flight) 2209 and 2200. The first in the country super slim watch. Height of movement 2,9 mm and 1,85 mm accordingly, height of case 5 and 3,8 mm. Produced from 1961 until 1979.

10) “Strela” (Arrow) 3017, Wrist-watch-chronograph, caliber 30 mm, height of movement 5,7 mm, 19 jewels. Cosmonauts Pavel Beliaev and Aleksej Leonov with those watches first in the human history entered into the open space. Produced from 1959 until 1979.

11) Movement 2609, height 3,2 mm, on 17 jewels, screwless balancer, flat spiral, anti-shock appliance for balancer shaft. This movement was on production from 1966 until 1973 being as a base for a number of different modifications.

12) “Signal” 2612, watch with a sound signal. Caliber 26 mm, height of movement 5,8 mm, 18 jewels. Was on production from 1959 until 1978, later was replaced by modification 2612.1.

13) “Poljot” 2616 9 (”Amfibija”) (Amphibian) – watch in a watertight case made from stainless steel; water resistance 20 bar (200 meters). Produced from 1969 until 1977.

14) 2614.2H. One among new line movements differs by high reliability and technological aspect. Despite the similar designation, it has a different construction relatively to 2609, which is illustrated on the previous page. Produced since 1976.

15) “Okean” (Ocean) 3133 with a pointer of zone time (article 731, for officers of navy fleet). Production started 1976. Caliber 31 mm, height of movement 7,35 mm, average run precision –20 to +20 sec. per 24 hours.

16) Quartz movement 2968 with a double indication. Height 2,85 mm, accuracy +/- 15 sec. per month. Installed functions – calendar, seconds timer, alarm clock.

17) One of the latest “Poljot” product– chronograph with a moon phase calendar, side seconds hand and single hand seconds timer with 30-minute scale of minute counter. Put on production in 2000.




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Home, Autos, Computers, Credit, Debt, Download, Employment, Gambling, Games, Loans, Travel, Finance, Health, Software, Shopping, Mortgage, Electronics, Dating, Business, Books, Music, Movies

http://www.allthatilike.com


Engagement Ring, Wedding Ring, Bracelet And Necklace Jewelry Boxes
Engagement ring, wedding ring, bracelet and necklace jewelry boxes. Exotic solid wood design. Ideal for engagement diamond ring, wedding jewelry, anniversary gifts, birthday gifts, valentine gifts, and engagement gifts.
URL: http://www.luxurywoodproducts.com/ - Added: 05.26.2005

Wholesale Fashion Jewelry
The absolute finest fashion & costume jewelry under $40. World class replica watches under $55. This is why shavonne has been your trusted jeweler since 1956.
URL: http://www.shavonne.com/ - Added: 10.11.2005

Iq Test
Evaluate your brainpower with iq tests pro. Offering a standardized iq quiz measuring intelligence quotient.
URL: http://www.iq-testing-online.com/ - Added: 10.11.2005

Annuaire De France Annuaire Generaliste
Annuaire de france annuaire des meilleurs sites professionnels et pages perso de france
URL: http://www.annuaire-de-france.com/ - Added: 10.11.2005

Jewelry
A huge selection of high quality jewelry at prices you just wont believe
URL: http://www.thejewelry-store.com/ - Added: 10.11.2005

Logo Design
Logo design related article, news, tutorial and firms directory
URL: http://www.logo-design-articles.com/ - Added: 10.11.2005

Search Engine Network - Ushopi.com
Search engine for all information you need - web search, metasearch, images search, news search, video search, audio search, shopping search, web directory, ppc search engine
URL: http://www.ushopi.com/ - Added: 06.21.2005

Slippers At Buy Slippers Daniel Green Clarks Tommy Bahama Shoes
Daniel green, indigo, dearfoam, hush puppies, clarks shoes, tommy bahama, privo, and much more. Your number one source for shoes, slippers and sandals on the net.
URL: http://www.buyslippers.com/ - Added: 06.21.2005

Dowatches.com
We provide high quality watches at affordable prices for our customers. We have a variety of casio, citizen, seiko, swiss army, smith & wesson, and many more brand name watches.
URL: http://www.dowatches.com/ - Added: 01.04.2006

Watch & Jewelery Shop
We sell watches from fossil,philippe starck, diesel, dkny, s. Oliver, jacques lemans citizen, adidas, and many more
URL: http://www.hietzker.at/ - Added: 01.04.2006

Designer Shoes, Watches And Sunglasses
Designer watches, shoes, sunglasses and accesories. All the best brands at discount prices including oakley, diesel, ted baker, bronx, miss sixty, storm, police. Qulaity online retailer from the uk.
URL: http://www.cornerstoneshop.co.uk/ - Added: 01.04.2006

Lingerie
Lingeriescene is here to provide you with all your lingerie needs; whether you're a woman who wants to spice up your love life or a man shopping for a gift for that special someone, we have the perfect piece of lingerie for you.
URL: http://www.lingeriescene.com/ - Added: 01.04.2006

Silver Ring,silver Bracelet,silver Jewelry At Silverlorgen.com
Sterling silver jewelry for every occasion
URL: http://www.silverlorgen.com/ - Added: 01.04.2006

Fine Handcrafted Wooden Jewelry Boxes & Hand Mirrors
Fine handcrafted solid wooden jewelry boxes, chests, hand mirrors and more! Gallery quality. All items are exclusively handcrafted by akemi hoffman. Individually finished by hand with non-toxic materials to achieve the top-quality sheen.
URL: http://www.woodenwood.com/ - Added: 01.04.2006

Oakley Replica Sunglasses
Oakley like replica sunglasses only $10.
URL: http://www.glamourshades.com/ - Added: 01.04.2006

Shopping
Over 10,000,000 products at your fingertips. Clothing, shoes, makeup, movies, music, home decor, sports apparrel, photos, flowers, candy, gourmet food, chocolates, gift baskets, pure breed animals, web design and programming. Click!
URL: http://www.zeus4u.com/ - Added: 06.21.2005

All That I Like - Jewelry, Auto, Computers, Travel, Loans
Jewelry, autos, computers, credit, debt, download, employment, gambling, games, loans, travel, finance, health, software, shopping, mortgage, electronics, dating, business, books, music, movies, autos computers, credit, debt, downloads, employment
URL: http://www.allthatilike.com/ - Added: 06.21.2005

Direct Mail Marketing Free Quotes -- Mailing Edge.com
We offer simple, affordable solutions to your direct mail marketing needs. Our services consist of direct mail, mailing lists, & mailing supplies.
URL: http://www.mailingedge.com/ - Added: 06.21.2005

America's Free Classifieds
Advertise your products, business, website and more. Get the results you have been searching for! Come buy and sell with us today! Featured ads, bolding, better placement, upload up to 6 photos. Make your ad stand out from the rest!
URL: http://www.webclassifieds.us/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Shellys Jewelry - Mothers Bracelets
The webs best source for handmade mothers bracelets, little girls bracelets, handmade necklaces and earrings. Jewelry designed with care and your unique needs in mind.
URL: http://www.shellysjewelry.com/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Free Articles For Reprint
Free article directory with many categories such as science articles, health articles , computer and internet articles, family articles, business articles, and articles.
URL: http://www.articles-hub.com/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Eyevogue Sunglasses - 20% Real Discount On All Sunglasses
Eyevogue sunglasses carries over 20 popular brands of sunglasses and eyeglasses. The same sunglasses and eyeglasses you would find in a typical retail outlet.
URL: http://www.eyevogue.com/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Movie Posters
Offers art posters, movie posters, music posters, sports posters, motivational posters, vintage posters and other posters.
URL: http://www.artmovieposters.com/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Word Power Books
Independent online bookshop
URL: http://www.word-power.co.uk/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Sterling Silver Jewelry By Bali Kingdom
We are a major producer of exquisite sterling silver jewelry and jewelry supplies. Our products are handcrafted by our own team of silversmiths, who are based in celuk, bali.
URL: http://www.balikingdom.com/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Silver Jewellery For Men
Stylish sterling silver jewellery for men. Masculine and stylish, our silver jewelry brings out the inner man. Perfect gifts for your loved one or to treat yourself show that you care. Free uk delivery for orders over £60 and gift wrap available.
URL: http://www.purelyformen.co.uk/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Sterling Silver Jewellery
Beautiful silver and gold jewellery from some of the worlds best jewellery designers. Pure dash - precious metal jewellery for precious people
URL: http://www.puredash.co.uk/ - Added: 04.13.2006

Seiko Casio Citizen watch - Superchrono
Shop online for Seiko, Casio and Citizen Watches. Best prices plus fast, free shipping, ONLY sell 100% Genuine Watches with original packaging and 1 year international warranty. Men's and women's watches' models like Seiko chronographs at Superchrono!

Template Shop
Professionally designed html and flash templates for your web project.
URL: http://www.template-shop.com/ - Added: 03.07.2006

Shades
Many families use shades to shield the sun during summer, but did you know shades can help save heat during the cold days? Research suggests that installing shades can reduce warmth loss by up to five times. Give shades a try, never regret shades.
URL: http://www.cellular-shades.org/ - Added: 03.07.2006

Diamond Engagement Rings
Diamond engagement ring, white gold engagement rings, gold engagement ring, princess cut engagement ring, sapphire engagement ring, pave engagement rings, emerald cut engagement ring, diamond solitaire engagement rings, solitaire engagement ring, 18k
URL: http://www.rothemcollection.com/ - Added: 03.07.2006

Scentsandscentsations.com
We sell products to help you feel relaxed and at peace as well as gifts and products for you and your friends and family. Our products include: aromatherapy products, candles and candle holders & lamps as well as prof. Hair care and bath & body.
URL: http://www.scentsandscentsations.com/ - Added: 03.07.2006

Portable Dvd Players, Tie Rack, Electronics
Online store for portable dvd players and mp4 players, tie racks, cd storage and nokia mobile phones
URL: http://www.planetvisiononline.co.uk/ - Added: 03.07.2006

Magnetic Bracelets
Sohofive offers a huge selection of magnetic bracelets and magnetic jewelry at great prices. Shop the latest men's magnetic bracelet and women's magnetic bracelet styles.
URL: http://www.sohofive.com/ - Added: 03.07.2006

Free Ranking Counter
Ranking counter is a free service that will show you the google pagerank on your website. You will receive your code in an email when you sign up. You will then have to click on the code or copy and paste it into your browser.
URL: http://pagerank.flash-template.com/ - Added: 03.07.2006
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